Efficacy and Safety of Jianpi Jieyu Decoction for Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Depression of Xin (Heart)-Pi (Spleen) Deficiency Syndrome: A Multi-centre Randomized Controlled Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Jieyu Decoction (JJD) for treating patients with mild-to-moderate depression of Xin (Heart)-Pi (Spleen) deficiency (XPD) syndrome.@*METHODS@#In this multi-center, randomized, controlled study, 140 patients with mild-to-moderate depression of XPD syndrome were included from Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Botou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2017 to December 2019. They were randomly divided into JJD group and paroxetine group by using a random number table, with 70 cases in each group. The patients in the JJD group were given JJD one dose per day (twice daily at morning and evening, 100 mL each time), and the patients in the paroxetine group were given paroxetine (10 mg/d in week 1; 20 mg/d in weeks 2-6), both orally administration for a total of 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the change of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) score at week 6 from baseline. The secondary outcomes included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (TCMSS), and Clinlcal Global Impression (CGI) scores at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weekends of treatment, HAMD-17 response (defined as a reduction in score of >50%) and HAMD-17 remission (defined as a score of ⩽7) at the end of the 6th week of treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded.@*RESULTS@#From baseline to week 6, the HAMD-17 scores decreased 10.2 ± 4.0 and 9.1 ± 4.9 points in the JJD and paroxetine groups, respectively (P=0.689). The HAMD-17 response occurred in 60% of patients in the JJD group and in 50% of those in the paroxetine group (P=0.292); HAMD-17 remission occurred in 45.7% and 30% of patients, respectively (P=0.128). The differences of CGI scores at the 6th week were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were significant differences in HAMD-17 scores between the two groups at 2nd and 4th week (P=0.001 and P=0.014). The HAMA scores declined 8.1 ± 3.0 and 6.9 ± 4.3 points from baseline to week 6 in the JJD and paroxetine groups, respectively (P=0.905 between groups). At 4th week of treatment, there was a significant difference in HAMA between the two groups (P=0.037). TCMSS decreased 11.4 ± 5.1, and 10.1 ± 6.8 points in the JJD and paroxetine groups, respectively (P=0.080 between groups). At the 6th week, the incidence of AEs in the JJD group was significantly lower than that in the paroxetine group (7.14% vs. 22.86%, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with paroxetine, JJD was associated with a significantly lower incidence of AEs in patients with mild-to-moderate depression of XPD syndrome, with no difference in efficacy at 6 weeks. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR2000040922).

Role of dexamethasone/captopril co-loaded immunoliposome-nanoparticle hybrids on the regulation of macrophage polarization in mice with glomerulonephritis / 药学学报

In this study, dexamethasone (DXMS) and captopril (CAP) were co-loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a surface coating of a phospholipid bilayer, and then the core-shell nanoparticles were modified with polyethylene glycol and integrin α8 antibody to obtain immunoliposome-nanoparticle hybrids (DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs). The role of nanoparticles on the renal targeting, anti-inflammatory effects, and macrophage differentiation were investigated. The results showed that the particle size of the nanoparticles was 115.9 ± 2.89 nm, and the core-shell structure could be observed under an electron microscope. The drug loading capacity of DXMS and CAP was 5.72% ± 0.37% and 7.51% ± 0.07%, respectively. The results of in vitro experiments showed that DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could reduce the secretion of specific cytokines and the mRNA expression of markers in M2-type macrophages, thus promoting the differentiation of M2-type macrophages in the direction of unpolarized macrophages. In vivo experiments in mice showed that DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs had a significant renal targeting effect, which could restore the renal index, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in mice. Moreover, DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could reduce both the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophage markers in the kidney. All the animal experiments were in accordance with the regulations of Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan Agricultural University. In conclusion, renal-targeting DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could effectively regulate the polarization of macrophages and had an "anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrosis" therapeutic effect, providing a new strategy and basis for the targeted therapy of glomerulonephritis.

Study on Material Basis and Processing Principle of Fishy Smell of Pheretima aspergillum by Electronic Nose and HS-GC-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze and compare the fishy components in raw, stir-fried, liquorice-processed, vinegar-processed and wine-processed products of Pheretima aspergillum, and explore the material basis and processing principle of fishy smell of P. aspergillum. Method:Heracles Ⅱ ultra-fasted gas chromatography electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics was used for the overall analysis of volatile components in raw P. aspergillum and its processed products. Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used to analyze and identify the volatile compositions in the raw products and processed products. Gas chromatographic conditions were as following：temperature program (initial temperature at 60 ℃, kept for 5 min, up to 120 ℃ with the heating rate of 3 ℃·min-1, and then up to 230 ℃ with the heating rate of 10 ℃·min-1 and finished), the inlet temperature at 280 ℃, high purity helium as the carrier gas, the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, the split ratio of 20∶1. Mass spectrum conditions were as following：electron impact ionization (EI), electron collision energy of 70 eV, ion source temperature of 230 ℃, quadrupole temperature at 150 ℃, scanning range of m/z 50-550. The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization. Result:Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) of the electronic nose showed that the raw products and its processed products could be clearly distinguished from each other. Among them, the difference between raw products and stir-fried, liquorice-processed products was small, but the difference between raw products and vinegar-processed, wine-processed products was large. A total of 25, 27, 22, 26 and 33 components were respectively identified from raw, stir-fried, liquorice-processed, vinegar-processed and wine-processed products of P. aspergillum, there were 13 common components in these products, including 4 aldehydes (isovaleraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, hexanal, benzaldehyde), 2 ketones (2-heptanone, 2-tridecanone), 1 carboxylic acid (lauric acid), 4 heterocyclic compounds (2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2-pentylfuran, 2-ethyl-6-methyl pyrazine), 1 amine (trimethylamine) and 1 alcohol (1-octen-3-ol). Conclusion:The odorous components in the raw products are mainly derived from aldehydes (isovaleraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, 2-ethylhexanal, hexanal) and amines (trimethylamine). Odorous components of P. aspergillum can be reduced effectively by stir-fried and liquorice, vinegar, wine processing, while flavoring substances can be increased by wine processing to cover its ugly odor. This paper can provide scientific basis for the deodorization of P. aspergillum by processing, and also provide reference for the analysis and correction of ugly odor of other animal medicines.

Comparison on Volatile Oil Content and Chemical Constituents Among Different Parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Pieces with Different Processing Methods / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To compare the difference of the content of volatile oil and the total relative percentage of phthalein compounds in volatile oil among different parts about Ligusticum chuanxiong, or among different decoction pieces with different processing methods. Method::Steam distillation was used(in the extraction of volatile oil.The chemical constituents of the volatile oil were identified by GC-MS analysis, and relative content of each component was determined by normalization method. Result::The contents of volatile oil in different parts were obviously different, and the order of the contents from high to low was rhizome(1.12%)>fibrous root(0.75%)>aerial part(0.41%). The GC-MS analysis similar compounds find in the three different volatile oils, and the order of total relative percentages of phthalein compounds from high to low was roots(83.29%)>rhizomes(44.5%)>aerial part(39.95%). On the other hand, the volatile oil content of three different Chuanxiong Rhizoma pieces with different processing methods was C(0.87%)>A(0.75%)>B(0.7%). The total relative percentages of phthalein compounds analyzed by GC-MS was C(79.14%)>A(73.09%)>B(67.29%). Conclusion::The content of phthalein compounds in the volatile oil of fibrous root was higher than that of rhizome, thus it can be appropriately used.The volatile oil content and chemical composition of different Chuanxiong Rhizoma pieces were significantly different.The content of volatile oil and phthalein compounds in fresh-cut Chuanxiong Rhizoma pieces were the most high, thus fresh-cutting can be used as a new processing method for Chuanxiong Rhizoma pieces.

Research Progress on Application and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gout / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gout is the second largest metabolic disease after diabetes, with a high incidence worldwide. Gout is a common and complex arthritic disease that, if left untreated, can damage joints and, in severe cases, lead to kidney stones and even life-threatening kidney failure. Although western medicine has also made significant achievements in the treatment of gout, it is often accompanied by gastrointestinal reactions, liver injury and other adverse reactions, and is prone to relapse after drug withdrawal, making the radical treatment of gout a difficult problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used in gout have relatively long history, TCM has the characteristics of multiple ingredients targets, not only can produce related enzyme activity by inhibiting the uric acid(UA) and lowering uric acid generation, also can reduce uric acid by promoting uric acid excretion, except the uric acid reduction most applied in gout neighborhood of TCM can effectively reduce joint inflammation. TCM is mild, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of gout is significantly lower than that of western medicine. Some TCM can even play a role while protecting the kidney, so TCM is expected to solve the problem of treating gout. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the application of TCM in the gout neighborhood at home and abroad. By summarizing the studies on the application of TCM in the gout disease in the past 10 years, the mechanism of action and material basis have been summarized and analyzed, in the hope of providing references for the studies on the prevention and treatment of gout by TCM.

Correlation Between Effective Components Content and Color Values of Indigo Naturalis Basde on Chromatometry / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the correlation between the color of Indigo Naturalis (powder and it's extracting solution) and effective components (indigo and indirubin) content. Method: The contents of indigo and indirubin in 27 batches of Indigo Naturalis were determined by HPLC,and the chromaticity values L*,a* and b* of powder and extracting solution were determined by color colorimeter. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the correlation and multiple linear regression between the content of active components and the chromaticity values of Indigo Naturalis. Result: By visual observing the appearance of the powder,we find that,as the powder color deepened,the brightness values (L*) of the powder and extract were decreased,while the red-green value (a*) were increased. The correlation analysis showed that the contents of indigo were negatively correlated with the brightness value (L*) of the powder(Pa*)(PL*) of powder and extract (Pa*) (PConclusion: The darker the powder color of Indigo Naturalis,the higher the content of indigo and indirubin. The L* and a* values of indigo powder were more correlated with indigo and indirubin content than with the extracting solution. The color of powder was significantly correlated with the content of indigo and indirubin,which provided reference for rapid identification of Indigo Naturalis. The method of measuring the color of Indigo Naturalis by color colorimeter is stable,scientific and reliable.

Study on insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens pallens in southwest region of Shandong Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the sensitivity of Culex pipiens pallens to common chemical insecticides in the southwestern region of Shandong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of reasonable and effective mosquito control measures. Methods The resistance of Cx. pipiens pallens larvae to 5 chemical insecticides, such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate were tested by using the WHO biological test method in 2018, and the co-toxicity coefficients after compounding the above-mentioned insecticides were tested by using a drug compounding method. Results The resistance indexes of Cx. pipiens pallens to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate in 3 cities were 144.43–557.54, 118.17–445.33, 6.44–19.00, 2.37–8.10, and 0.88–2.98, respectively, and expect the difference between the DDVP resistances of Cx. pipiens pallens in Jining City and Heze City was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), all the other differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The synergistic coefficients of cypermethrin + DDVP, cypermethrin + propoxur, DDVP + acetofenate, and propoxur + acetofenate were 199.58 – 456.95, 190.56 – 292.37, 123.32 – 319.24, and 192.31 – 367.32, respectively. The lower synergism was observed by using the mixture of DDVP + propoxur (synergistic coefficient: 99.87–108.36) . Conclusions After decades of chemical control, Cx. pipiens pallens in the southwestern region of Shandong Province has produced different degrees of resistance to common chemical insecticides. Therefore, comprehensive control measures should be taken to control mosquito breeding and prevent the development of insecticide resistance.

Therapeutic effect and safety of oral musk Baoxin pill in patients with stable angina pectoris of coro-nary heart disease / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect and safety of oral musk Baoxin pill in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 158 SAP patients of CHD treated in our hos-pital were selected,and were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n＝79) and musk Baoxin pill group (n＝79,received musk Baoxin pill based on routine treatment ),both groups were treated for eight weeks.Therapeutic effect and safety were compared between two groups.Results:After treatment,there was no significant difference in total effective rate of ECG improvement between two groups,P＝0.475.Compared with routine treatment group after treatment,there were significant reductions in onset times of angina pectoris [(1.68 ± 0.43) times/d vs.(1.12 ± 0.37) times/d] and nitroglycerin consumption [(1.65 ± 0.87)/d vs.(1.08 ± 0.47)/d],and significant rise in to-tal effective rate of angina pectoris improvement (81.01% vs.96.20%) in musk Baoxin pill group,P＝0.001 all.No obvious adverse reactions occurred in two groups.Conclusion:Oral musk Baoxin pill based on routine treatment can significantly relieve angina pectoris symptoms and the safety is good in patients with stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.

Effect of duck Tembusu virus infection on exosomes of BHK-21 cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of duck Tembusu virus infection on secretion of exosomes in BHK-21 cells and the pathogenesis of the Tembusu virus.Methods:The exosomes were collected and purified from the culture supernatant of BHK-21 cells infected with duck Tembusu virus AH-F10 strain and the control BHK-21 cells by PEG precipitation method respectively.The purified exosomes were identified by electron microscopy,Western blot assay and mass spectrometry.Results: The classical exosome particle morphology was observed with hyperchromic cup-shaped vesicles and average particle size of 30-160 nm in diameter under transmission electron microscopy.The mean size of the exosome from the infected cells were bigger than the mean size of the exosome from the unin-fected.Western blot assay demonstrated that CD9 and CD63 were detected in purified exosomes as exosome marker molecula.A total of 106 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry assay,84 proteins of infected BHK-21 cells exosome,49 proteins of the uninfected, and the infected and the uninfected BHK-21 share 27 common proteins on exosomes.Conclusion:Duck Tembusu virus infection affect the exosome secretion of cells in connection to the particle size and protein molecular composition.This experiment can lay the foundation for further research of Tembusu virus infection and pathogenesis.

Chigger Mite (Acari: Trombiculidae) Survey of Rodents in Shandong Province, Northern China

Chigger mites are parasites of rodents and other vertebrates, invertebrates, and other arthropods, and are the only vectors of scrub typhus, in addition to other zoonoses. Therefore, investigating their distribution, diversity, and seasonal abundance is important for public health. Rodent surveillance was conducted at 6 districts in Shandong Province, northern China (114–112°E, 34–38°N), from January to December 2011. Overall, 225/286 (78.7%) rodents captured were infested with chigger mites. A total of 451 chigger mites were identified as belonging to 5 most commonly collected species and 3 genera in 1 family. Leptotrombidium scutellare and Leptotrombidium intermedia were the most commonly collected chigger mites. L. scutellare (66.2%, 36.7%, and 49.0%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, and Microtus fortis, respectively, whereas L. intermedia (61.5% and 63.2%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Cricetulus triton and Mus musculus, respectively. This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of chigger mites that varied seasonally in Shandong Province, China.

Efficacy of internalized RGD-modified echogenic liposomes in diagnosis and treatment in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare internalized RGD (iRGD) modified echogenic liposomes containing methotrexate (MTX) and indocyanine green (ICG) (iRGD MTX ICG ELIP) and evaluate its targeting efficiency and inhibitory effect combined with ultrasound on synovial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was prepared by the thin film rehydration and freeze-lyophilization method and its general characteristics and acoustic responsiveness were assessed. The targeting effect of the prepared liposome was observed by assessing its cell uptake in vitro. In a mouse model of rheumatiod arthritis, the targeting effect of the prepared liposome was determined by detecting the fluorescence intensity of the drug in arthrosis. The inhibitory effect of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP combined with ultrasound on synovial MH7A cells in vitro were investigated using CCK8 test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average diameter and zeta potential of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was 134.4∓17.61 nm and 10.07∓4.28 mV, and the entrapment efficiency of MTX and ICG was (62.56∓0.77)% and (95.13∓0.82)%, respectively. With ultrasound exposure, the release of MTX and ICG from iRGD MTX ICG ELIP increased with the ultrasound intensity and with the exposure time. In HUVECs, the uptake efficiency of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was 1.89 times higher than that of non targeted MTX ICG ELIP (P<0.05). In vivo imaging of mouse joint with rheumatiod arthritis showed that the fluorescence intensity of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was significantly stronger than that of the non targeted liposome. CCK8 assay showed that iRGD MTX ICG ELIP combined with ultrasound resulted in a survival rate of MH7A cells of (32.49∓3.04)%, significantly lower than the rate of cells treated with iRGD MTX ICG ELIP but without ultrasound (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>iRGD MTX ICG ELIP has a suitable particle size and can effectively target HUVECs and the joints with rheumatiod arthritis. With a good drug entrapment efficiency and acoustic responsiveness, the drug loaded liposome shows enhanced inhibitory effect on MH7A cells combined with ultrasound in vitro, suggesting its potential in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.</p>

Application of immunoassay in fast quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine can be divided into two aspects, effectiveness and safety. The existing methods for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) are mostly based on the testing instruments, which can not meet the practical needs of simple, rapid and on-site in production and life. Immunoassay, characterized by simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, low-cost and high-throughput, is widely used in the fields of clinical diagnosis, environmental pollution monitoring, food safety testing, and other fields. In recent years, immunoassay technology has been gradually applied in the field of quality control of TCM, involving quantitative detection of effective components of TCM, detection of harmful substances in TCM, and detection of exogenous pollutants in TCM. This paper summarizes the principle of the wide application of ELISA and colloidal gold immunostrip technology and its application in quality evaluation of TCM, this technique has a good application prospect in the field of rapid detection of the quality of TCM. In this paper, the principles of the widely used ELISA and colloidal gold immune test strip technology as well as their application in quality evaluation of TCM were reviewed, and the results showed that this technique had a good application prospect in the field of rapid detection of the quality of TCM.

Application value of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound in transrectal prostate biopsy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the application value of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound (RTCEU) in improving the detection rate of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This prospective study included 91 male patients with abnormally high PSA (4－20 μg/L) or abnormalities in DRE or MRI, who underwent 12+X prostate biopsy following conventional transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and RTCEU examination. We compared the numbers of suspected prostatic nodules before and after RTCEU as well as the detection rates of prostate cancer between conventional TRUS-guided 12PBx and 12PBx plus lesion-targeted biopsy procedures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 57 of the 86 suspected lesions on TRUS (66.3%), and 108 of the 118 abnormal nodules on RTCEU (91.5%) were confirmed to be prostate cancer. RTCEU achieved a significantly higher detection rate than TRUS (P<0.01). A total of 39 cases of prostate cancer (42.8%) were detected by RTCEU, while only 28 (30.7%) by TRUS, with statistically significant difference in the detection rate between the two procedures (P=0.033).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound can significantly improve the detection rate of prostate cancer and provide a valuable guide to targeted prostate biopsy.</p>

Evaluation of synovial thickness of the small joints of the wrist and hand using high-frequency intraoperative ultrasound probe in healthy young and middle-aged individuals / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the synovial thickness in the bilateral wrist joints, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints using high-resolution intraoperative ultrasound probe in healthy young and middle-aged volunteers to determine the normal reference ranges of synovial thickness in the joints.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted in 100 healthy young and middle-aged volunteers, including 50 male (mean age 36.2∓5.0 years; range 18-54 years) and 50 female (mean age 38.8∓5.5 years; range 20-56 years) individuals. The synovial thickness in the bilateral wrist joints, MCP joints and PIP joints was measured using the GE Logiq S8 18 MHz polo stick-like linear probe array.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>s No statistical significance was found in the synovial thickness of the wrist joints, MCP joints and PIP joints between the left and right hands, between young (<40 years) and middle-aged (≥40 years) subjects, or between the flexor surface and the extensor surface. In the male subjects, however, the synovial thickness in the wrist joints, MCP joints and PIP joints was significantly greater than that in female subjects. A significant difference was noted in the synovial thickness between the wrist joints, MCP joints and PIP joints.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Measurement of the synovial thickness of the wrist joints, MCP joints and PIP joints using high-resolution intraoperative ultrasound probe is beneficial for early diagnosis and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.</p>

MSCs relieve lung injury of COPD mice through promoting proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation could repair injury tissue, but no study confirms whether MSCs can promote the proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells to repair alveolar epithelial cells of mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was designed to investigate the effect of MSCs on the proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells in COPD mice to confirm the repair mechanism of MSCs. The mice were divided into control group, COPD group, and COPD+MSCs group. The following indexes were detected: HE staining of lung tissue, the mean linear intercept (MLI) and alveolar destructive index (DI), the total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary function, alveolar wall apoptosis index (AI) and proliferation index (PI), the number of CD45(-)/CD31(-)/Sca-1(+) cells by flow cytometry (FCM), and the number of bronchoalveolar stem cells (BASCs) in bronchoalveolar duct junction (BADJ) by immunofluorescence. As compared with control group, the number of inflammatory cells in lung tissue was increased, alveolar septa was destroyed and the emphysema-like changes were seen, and the changes of lung function were in line with COPD in COPD group; AI of alveolar wall was significantly increased and PI significantly decreased in COPD group. There was no significant difference in the number of CD45(-)/CD31(-)/Sca-1(+) cells and BASCs between control group and COPD group. As compared with COPD group, the number of inflammatory cells in BALF was decreased, the number of CD45(-)/CD31(-)/Sca-1(+) cells and BASCs was increased, AI of alveolar wall was decreased and PI was increased, and emphysema-like changes were relieved in COPD+MSCs group. These findings suggested that MSCs transplantation can relieve lung injury by promoting proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells in the cigarette smoke-induced COPD mice.

Therapeutic effect of Captopril on rheumatoid arthritis in rats

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of the intervention treatment with different doses of Captopril on TNF-αcontents in serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats, and to provide the theoretical proofs for clinical application of Captopril in treatments of rheumatoid diseases. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely, Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D, Group E with 10 rats in each group. Injection of Freund's complete adjuvant was employed to establish adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. Group A was model group; after model establishment, rats were treated with 20 mL normal saline as placebo (. ip.). Rats in Group B were treated with 8 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (. ip.). Rats in Group C, D and E were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Captopril respectively. Rats in each group were subjected to continuous treatment for 3 weeks, and then sacrificed. Eyeballs of rats were excised and blood was collected. TNF-αcontent in serum were detected using ELISA; each group rats were compared for the hind legs arthrocele. Right ankle tissues of rats were collected to prepare section, and microscopic observation of pathological changes was performed. Results: TNF-αcontent in serum of Group A rats was significantly higher than that of rats in other 4 groups (. P0.05). From Day 8, ankle arthrocele of rats in Groups B, C, D and E was obviously relieved compared with that of Group A rats; the anti-inflammatory effects were gradually enhanced with the extension of medication time. Treatments of Groups C, D and E showed significant activities against tardive arthrocele; the degree of ankle arthrocele in rats of these three groups was lower than that of Group A rats (. P<0.01). Histological observation showed that large amount of inflammatory cells and plasmocyte infiltration was found in ankle synovial tissues of Group A rats. Relief of hyperaemia and edema of right ankle synovial tissues as well as significant decrease in synoviocyte layer hyperplasia, intra-articular inflammatory cells infiltration and cartilago articularis damage degree etc. were observed in Groups B, C, D and E. Conclusions: Intervention treatment with Captopril can effectively reduce the TNF-αcontent in serum of rheumatoid arthritis rats and inhibit the generation of inflammatory factors, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect.

Effect of captopril on serum TNF-α level in acute lung injury rats induced by HCL

Objective: To observe the effect of captopril on the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and arterial blood gases in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by HCL in rats, and to analyze its protective mechanism. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with 20 rats in Group I and II, respectively and 10 animals in Group III. ALI model was constructed by intratracheal injection of diluted hydrochloric acid (pH=1.25, 1.2 mL/kg). Group I rats received not any treatment after construction of ALI model. Group II rats were treated with captopril (5 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 min after induction of ALI. Group III served as normal control without any treatment. Ninety minutes after construction of ALI model, all the rats were sacrificed. Blood was withdrawn for detection of TNF-α level and arterial blood gases index. And lung tissue slices of the three groups were prepared for observation of pathologic histology changes. Results: TNF-α level in serum of Group I and II rats was significantly higher than that in Group III (P<0.05), while TNF-α level in serum of Group II was significantly lower in Group I (P<0.05). PaCO

Effect of captopril on serum TNF-α level in acute lung injury rats induced by HCL

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of captopril on the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and arterial blood gases in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by HCL in rats, and to analyze its protective mechanism.@*METHODS@#Fifty Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with 20 rats in Group I and II, respectively and 10 animals in Group III. ALI model was constructed by intratracheal injection of diluted hydrochloric acid (pH=1.25, 1.2 mL/kg). Group I rats received not any treatment after construction of ALI model. Group II rats were treated with captopril (5 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 min after induction of ALI. Group III served as normal control without any treatment. Ninety minutes after construction of ALI model, all the rats were sacrificed. Blood was withdrawn for detection of TNF-α level and arterial blood gases index. And lung tissue slices of the three groups were prepared for observation of pathologic histology changes.@*RESULTS@#TNF-α level in serum of Group I and II rats was significantly higher than that in Group III (P<0.05), while TNF-α level in serum of Group II was significantly lower in Group I (P<0.05). PaCO2 level was significantly higher (P<0.05), while PaO2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Group I and II rats than those in Group III. PaCO2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) and PaO2 was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group II than those in Group I. Histological observation showed diffuse congestion and severe edema of lung tissue, obvious thickening and structure damage of alveolar walls and a large amount of neutrophil infiltration in Group I rats. Group II rats showed mild edema of lung tissue; only a small portion of alveolar walls showed thickening and only a few of neutrophil infiltration could be observed. The degree of injury was remarkably slighter than that of Group I rats. Group III rats showed clear lung tissue structure and normal morphology; alveolar walls were uniform and the margin was smooth and few neutrophil could be observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Captopril can significantly reduce serum TNF-α level, elevate PaO2 and reduce PaCO2 in rats with ALI. It has a protective effect on ALI rats.

Therapeutic effect of Captopril on rheumatoid arthritis in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effect of the intervention treatment with different doses of Captopril on TNF-αcontents in serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats, and to provide the theoretical proofs for clinical application of Captopril in treatments of rheumatoid diseases.@*METHODS@#Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely, Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D, Group E with 10 rats in each group. Injection of Freund's complete adjuvant was employed to establish adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. Group A was model group; after model establishment, rats were treated with 20 mL normal saline as placebo (ip.). Rats in Group B were treated with 8 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (ip.). Rats in Group C, D and E were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Captopril respectively. Rats in each group were subjected to continuous treatment for 3 weeks, and then sacrificed. Eyeballs of rats were excised and blood was collected. TNF-αcontent in serum were detected using ELISA; each group rats were compared for the hind legs arthrocele. Right ankle tissues of rats were collected to prepare section, and microscopic observation of pathological changes was performed.@*RESULTS@#TNF-αcontent in serum of Group A rats was significantly higher than that of rats in other 4 groups (P0.05). From Day 8, ankle arthrocele of rats in Groups B, C, D and E was obviously relieved compared with that of Group A rats; the anti-inflammatory effects were gradually enhanced with the extension of medication time. Treatments of Groups C, D and E showed significant activities against tardive arthrocele; the degree of ankle arthrocele in rats of these three groups was lower than that of Group A rats (P<0.01). Histological observation showed that large amount of inflammatory cells and plasmocyte infiltration was found in ankle synovial tissues of Group A rats. Relief of hyperaemia and edema of right ankle synovial tissues as well as significant decrease in synoviocyte layer hyperplasia, intra-articular inflammatory cells infiltration and cartilago articularis damage degree etc. were observed in Groups B, C, D and E.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intervention treatment with Captopril can effectively reduce the TNF-αcontent in serum of rheumatoid arthritis rats and inhibit the generation of inflammatory factors, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect.

Thinking about vertigo effectiveness evaluation methods in clinical research of Chinese medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

Vertigo is a kind of patients' subjective feelings. The severity of vertigo is closely related to many factors. But we are short of a well accepted quantitative evaluation method capable of accurately and comprehensively evaluating vertigo in clinics. Reducing the onset of vertigo, enhancing the re- covery of equilibrium function, and improving the quality of life of vertigo patients should be taken as the focus of evaluating therapeutic effects. As for establishing a Chinese medical effectiveness evaluation system for vertigo, we believe we should distinguish different "diseases". We could roughly identify it as systemic vertigo and non-systemic vertigo. For systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory combined with equilibrium function testing indices. But for non-systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by taking UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory as main efficacy indices. Secondly, we should analyze different reasons for vertigo, choose symptoms and signs in line with vertigo features as well as with Chinese medical theories, and formulate corresponding syndrome effectiveness standards according to different diseases. We should not simply take syndrome diagnosis standards as efficacy evaluation standards.